Determination of emergency assembly point for industrial accidents with AHP analysis

Major industrial accidents, which are a type of technological disaster, are very important due to the security risks and financial damages that threaten the environment and human health in today's industrialization. In this study, it was aimed to propose an approach that will guide the decision makers to choose the emergency assembly point that should be in the distance or shelter where the employees will be not affected by the negative consequences of emergencies within the scope of the obligation of industrial establishments preparing an internal emergency plan for major industrial accidents. For this purpose, in the first stage, modelling studies were carried out with ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) Software over possible accident scenarios in an industrial establishment containing different types and amounts of hazardous chemicals. As a result of modelling studies, possible toxic emissions, fire and explosion effect distances and threat zones for the industrial establishment were obtained. In the second stage, the weights of the main and sub-selection criteria to be used in determining the assembly point were calculated. This stage was carried out based on the comparison data obtained as a result of the questionnaire applied to professionals with the help of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision making methods. In the last stage, three candidate points were selected considering the physical effect areas determined in the first stage in the boundaries of the establishment, where the employees were evaluated to be affected the minimum from the negative consequences of industrial accidents. These candidate points were evaluated again with the AHP method on the basis of the sub-criteria whose relative weights were determined in the second stage and a selection was made. As a result, an approach that provides the solution of our problem was obtained.     

Inhibiting effects by Fe2O3 on combustion and explosion characteristics of ABS resin

The global increase in the use of, and reliance on, plastics has prompted the demand for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin in various fields. With this increased requirement, numerous failures have occurred in the ABS process. Those incidents, resulting from electrostatic discharge, powder accumulation, heat accumulation, construction sparks, and plant fires, have caused dust fire and explosions.In this study, the ABS resin was gleaned from the site and tested for its explosion parameters, including minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MIT_C), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC). To improve loss prevention in the manufacturing process, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as an inert additive was added in the ABS powder. According to the MIE test, Fe₂O₃ has an apparent inhibiting effect on dust explosion for the ABS dust. With the proportion of Fe₂O₃ increased from 25 to 50 mass% in ABS, the MIE increased from 67 to 540 mJ. The explosion tests via 20-L apparatus indicated that Fe₂O₃ mixed with ABS could not increase the MEC significantly. However, the explosion pressure dropped by increasing in the ratio of Fe₂O₃ in ABS. This inerting strategy of ABS was deemed to substantially lessen the probability and severity of fire and explosion.     

等效温度曲线的数值拟合

通风空调工程中,等效温度是衡量气候舒适程度的主要指标.传统的查图法求解等效温度不仅繁琐,而且不准确.本文以等效温度为基础,在等效温度图中取值,运用Matlab拟合数据,并进行坐标变换,求解出干球温度、湿球温度及风速之间的规律,推导出等效温度的数值求解方法.经实例计算和误差分析证明,此数值解法较为准确.     

象山港国华电厂强增温海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性的时空特征

为探明电厂强增温海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性的时空特征,于2011年在象山港国华电厂附近海域,采用浮游生物Ⅱ型网(网目160μm)进行10站位2重复的浮游动物季节性采样.结果表明,共识别出62种浮游动物(含幼体),平均丰度为9 531.1 ind.m-3.该海域浮游动物群落主要由桡足类和浮游幼体类组成,且以浮游幼体类为主,比例高达66.6%.相似性分析显示,各月间浮游动物群落结构差异极显著(P<0.01),控制群落结构的优势种有18种,最重要的判别种有瘦尾胸刺水蚤Centropages tenuiremis、大同长腹剑水蚤Oithona similis、伪长腹剑水蚤Oithona fallax、克氏纺锤水蚤Acartia clausi、长尾基齿哲水蚤Clausocalanus furcatus、针刺拟哲水蚤Paracalanus aculeatus和小拟哲水蚤Paracalanus parvus.GLM分析显示,月份间的多样性指数也存在极显著差异(P<0.01),经计算,各多样性指数随水温增加而下降的拐点水温范围为20.31～22.31℃.在断面上,离排水口0.2 km断面(D02)的平均水温比2 km断面高2.16℃.受温度影响,主要优势种如瘦尾胸刺水蚤和大同长腹剑水蚤倾向于向D02断面移动,克氏纺锤水蚤、尤其是大型浮游动物倾向于远离排水口,并向1.2 km断面聚集,使D02断面的种类数最少(33种)、丰度最低(5 522.8 ind.m-3),而1.2 km断面的种类数(53种)和丰度(16 491.0 ind.m-3)最高;同时,D02断面的多样性指数也明显低于其它断面.经线性回归分析,海域增温使多样性指数极显著下降(P<0.01),每增温1℃浮游动物丰富度下降12.3%.     

Effects of environmental temperature on the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries during charging process

Lithium-ion batteries with relatively narrow operating temperature range have provoked concerns regarding the safety of LIBs. In this work, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the thermal runaway (TR) behaviors of charging batteries in a high/low temperature test chamber. The effects of charging rates (0.5 C, 1 C, 2 C, and 3 C), and ambient temperature (2 °C, 32 °C and 56 °C) are comprehensively investigated.The results indicate that the cell exhibited greater thermal hazard at the high charging rate and ambient temperature conditions. As the charging rate increased from 0.5 C to 3 C, more lithium intercalated in the anode prompt the TR triggered in advance, the TR onset temperature decreased from 297.5 °C to 264.7 °C. In addition, the charging time decreased with the elevated ambient temperature, resulting in a relatively higher TR onset temperature and lower maximum temperature, and the average TR critical time declined by 115–143 s. Finally, the TR required less heat accumulation with increasing of charging rate and ambient temperature, and the heat generation of side reaction played a substantial role that accounted for approximately 54%∼63%. These results provide an insight into the charging cell thermal runaway behaviors in complex operation environments and deliver valuable guidance for improving the safety of cell operation.     

Flash point of biodiesel/glycerol/alcohol mixtures for safe processing and storage

Mixtures of biodiesel, glycerol, and ethanol/methanol are commonly processed and stored in biodiesel production. In this work, non-ideal models are used to calculate the Flash Points (FPs) of binary and ternary mixtures, using data available from different feedstocks. Despite the fact that biodiesel is considered safer than common diesel fuels, results show a synergistic effect of biodiesel/methanol and biodiesel/ethanol mixtures, resulting in a reduction of the flash point of mixtures to values lower than the ones of pure compounds. Most soluble ternary mixtures were found flammable, the only exception being mixtures with a relatively lower alcohol content (45% mol. ethanol or 42% methanol) at temperature lower than 303 K. Accidental increase in temperature can cause domino effect, due to the higher solubility and the formation of new flammable ternary mixtures.     

黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物记录的古气候信息

伊犁地区位于我国新疆地区西北部,为天山山脉环绕。区内降水自西向东递增,而温 度则由于海拔高度的抬升而逐渐降低。上述地理环境有利于分析和探讨温度和降水与黄土沉积 物中次生细粒强磁性颗粒数量之间关系。本研究在伊犁河谷西部地区,对不同海拔高度黄土表 层沉积物进行样品采集。环境磁学分析结果显示：黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物含量与降 水量之间存在很好的正相关关系,而与温度之间存在反相关关系。结合黄土高原的研究结果可 以发现：温度对黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物的数量影响微弱,降水是控制其含量的主要 因素;即：在黄土古气候研究中,次生细粒强磁性矿物的磁化率可以作为古降水量的代用指标, 但对温度变化不敏感。     

电除尘器船型灰斗内部粉尘在停机后的温度研究

本文以土耳其SILOPI 2#机电除尘器为工程分析对象,对燃煤电厂电除尘器船型灰斗内的粉尘在停机后的温度变化情况进行分析计算和有限元模拟,通过粉尘随时间的温度变化数据判断粉尘的凝结情况,得出该项目在最低气温-9.3℃环境下,119小时内船型灰斗不会因粉尘凝结而发生严重堵塞情况,模拟结果与实际一致。本文为工程上电除尘器因故停机的检修提供时间参考。     

低强度超声波强化SMBR处理中的超声波参数优化研究

研究了利用低强度超声波强化低温一体式膜生物反应器（SMBR）污水生物处理中最优超声波参数的选择。结果表明,功率密度为0.27 W/L、辐照时间为20 min时,超声波对低温SMBR中COD去除的强化效果最佳。SMBR对NH3-N去除效果达到最佳时,超声波功率密度和辐照时间分别为0.27 W/L和15 min。综合考虑,选择更有利于低温时NH3-N去除的超声波参数：功率密度0.27 W/L、辐照时间15 min。经此超声波处理后COD、NH3-N的强化效果在24 h均能保持,故可设置超声波处理的时间间隔为24 h。     

西安市PM_(2.5)污染源位置确定的模型应用研究

针对空气中PM2.5污染物的传播问题,以西安市的情况为实例,合理考虑风力等天气和季节因素的影响,建立能够刻画该地区PM2.5的发生和演变规律的有风高斯点源扩散数学模型,代入相关数据后,利用MATLAB软件求解出PM2.5污染源由一区扩散到另一区的浓度,最后由综合的各区总浓度得出PM2.5污染源的位置,并与该市实际检测到PM2.5数据进行对比分析。结果表明,确定的位置比较准确,该方法能为城市污染治理提供参考。